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Organizing and Synthesizing Research

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From Notes to Arguments


Note-Taking Methods



  • Cornell method: Divide your page into notes, cues, and summary sections

  • Annotated bibliography: Write a brief summary and evaluation of each source

  • Concept mapping: Visually connect ideas across sources

  • Digital tools: Use reference managers to organize and annotate PDFs


Synthesis vs. Summary


Summarizing reports what each source says individually. Synthesizing identifies patterns, agreements, and contradictions across multiple sources to build a cohesive understanding.


Building an Argument from Research



  1. Identify themes and patterns across your sources

  2. Note areas of agreement and disagreement among scholars

  3. Find gaps in existing research that your work can address

  4. Develop your own position based on the evidence

  5. Select the strongest evidence to support each point


Use our summarizer to quickly extract key points from long research articles during your literature review.