Proper Paraphrasing and Quoting

Using Sources Without Plagiarizing

When to Quote

Use direct quotes when the original wording is particularly powerful, precise, or famous. Also quote when you're analyzing the specific language used.

When to Paraphrase

Paraphrase when you need the idea but not the exact words. This is appropriate for most source integration in academic writing.

When to Summarize

Summarize when you need to convey the overall point of a longer work without getting into details.

The Key Rule

All three methods—quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing—require citations. The only ideas that don't need citations are your own original thoughts and common knowledge.

Common Knowledge Test

If a fact appears in multiple general sources and your audience would likely know it, it's common knowledge: "The Earth orbits the Sun." If it's a specific finding, interpretation, or statistic, cite it.