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Step-by-Step Paraphrasing Method

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The Four-Step Method


Step 1: Read and Understand


Read the passage multiple times. Look up any unfamiliar terms. Make sure you can explain the main idea without looking at the text.


Step 2: Set Aside and Rewrite


Put the original away. Write the idea from memory in your own words. This forces you to truly process the information rather than just swapping synonyms.


Step 3: Compare and Adjust


Compare your version with the original. Check that you've preserved the meaning accurately. Ensure your wording and sentence structure are sufficiently different. A good test: your version should use different sentence structures and at least 60-70% different vocabulary.


Step 4: Cite


Always add a citation, even when paraphrasing. Paraphrased content without attribution is still plagiarism.


Techniques for Changing Structure



  • Change active to passive voice (or vice versa)

  • Combine or split sentences

  • Reorder information (start with the conclusion, then give reasons)

  • Change parts of speech (nominalize: "analyze" → "analysis")